Different muscle groups in your body are more important than others in the jumping process. As you probably know, the quadriceps (muscles on the front of your leg) are the most important muscle group and provide most of the power. However, calves, arms, hamstrings, deltoids, lower back, and hips provide a lot of thrust as well. I've broken it down like this:

Two foot jump

63% Quadriceps

20% Calves

2% Deltoids

15% Arms

One leg jump

50% Quadriceps

25% Calves

15% Hamstrings

10% Arms

 

As well, the hips provide a lot of thrust (especially in 2 foot jumps). Because the hips are a hard area to strengthen, it is very important to have good flexibility in the hips. A good range of motion is essential in striving for maximum jump height.